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ISTQB CT-AI Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic
Details

Topic 1

Test Environments for AI-Based Systems: This section is about factors that differentiate the test environments for AI-based

Topic 2

Neural Networks and Testing: This section of the exam covers defining the structure and function of a neural network including a DNN and the different coverage measures for neural networks.

Topic 3

Quality Characteristics for AI-Based Systems: This section covers topics covered how to explain the importance of flexibility and adaptability as characteristics of AI-based systems and describes the vitality of managing evolution for AI-based systems. It also covers how to recall the characteristics that make it difficult to use AI-based systems in safety-related applications.

Topic 4

Methods and Techniques for the Testing of AI-Based Systems: In this section, the focus is on explaining how the testing of ML systems can help prevent adversarial attacks and data poisoning.

Topic 5

Testing AI-Specific Quality Characteristics: In this section, the topics covered are about the challenges in testing created by the self-learning of AI-based systems.

Topic 6

systems from those required for conventional systems.

Topic 7

Machine Learning ML: This section includes the classification and regression as part of supervised learning, explaining the factors involved in the selection of ML algorithms, and demonstrating underfitting and overfitting.

Topic 8

ML: Data: This section of the exam covers explaining the activities and challenges related to data preparation. It also covers how to test datasets create an ML model and recognize how poor data quality can cause problems with the resultant ML model.

Topic 9

Introduction to AI: This exam section covers topics such as the AI effect and how it influences the definition of AI. It covers how to distinguish between narrow AI, general AI, and super AI; moreover, the topics covered include describing how standards apply to AI-based systems.

Topic 10

Testing AI-Based Systems Overview: In this section, focus is given to how system specifications for AI-based systems can create challenges in testing and explain automation bias and how this affects testing.

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ISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing Exam Sample Questions (Q61-Q66):

NEW QUESTION # 61
A system was developed for screening the X-rays of patients for potential malignancy detection (skin cancer). A workflow system has been developed to screen multiple cancers by using several individually trained ML models chained together in the workflow.
Testing the pipeline could involve multiple kind of tests (I - III):
I . Pairwise testing of combinations
II . Testing each individual model for accuracy
III . A/B testing of different sequences of models
Which ONE of the following options contains the kinds of tests that would be MOST APPROPRIATE to include in the strategy for optimal detection?
SELECT ONE OPTION

A. Only II
B. Only III
C. I and III
D. I and II

Answer: D

Explanation:
The question asks which combination of tests would be most appropriate to include in the strategy for optimal detection in a workflow system using multiple ML models.
Pairwise testing of combinations (I): This method is useful for testing interactions between different components in the workflow to ensure they work well together, identifying potential issues in the integration.
Testing each individual model for accuracy (II): Ensuring that each model in the workflow performs accurately on its own is crucial before integrating them into a combined workflow.
A/B testing of different sequences of models (III): This involves comparing different sequences to determine which configuration yields the best results. While useful, it might not be as fundamental as pairwise and individual accuracy testing in the initial stages.
Reference:
ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus Section 9.2 on Pairwise Testing and Section 9.3 on Testing ML Models emphasize the importance of testing interactions and individual model accuracy in complex ML workflows.

NEW QUESTION # 62
"AllerEgo" is a product that uses sell-learning to predict the behavior of a pilot under combat situation for a variety of terrains and enemy aircraft formations. Post training the model was exposed to the real- world data and the model was found to be behaving poorly. A lot of data quality tests had been performed on the data to bring it into a shape fit for training and testing.
Which ONE of the following options is least likely to describes the possible reason for the fall in the performance, especially when considering the self-learning nature of the Al system?
SELECT ONE OPTION
The difficulty of defining criteria for improvement before the model can be accepted.
The fast pace of change did not allow sufficient time for testing.
The unknown nature and insufficient specification of the operating environment might have caused the poor performance.
There was an algorithmic bias in the Al system.

A. The fast pace of change did not allow sufficient time for testing.
This can significantly affect the model's performance. If the system is self-learning, it needs to adapt quickly, and insufficient testing time can lead to incomplete learning and poor performance.
B. The difficulty of defining criteria for improvement before the model can be accepted.
Defining criteria for improvement is a challenge in the acceptance of AI models, but it is not directly related to the performance drop in real-world scenarios. It relates more to the evaluation and deployment phase rather than affecting the model's real-time performance post-deployment.
C. There was an algorithmic bias in the AI system.Algorithmic bias can significantly impact the performance of AI systems. If the model has biases, it will not perform well across different scenarios and data distributions.
D. The unknown nature and insufficient specification of the operating environment might have caused the poor performance.
This is highly likely to affect performance. Self-learning AI systems require detailed specifications of the operating environment to adapt and learn effectively. If the environment is insufficiently specified, the model may fail to perform accurately in real-world scenarios.

Answer: B

Explanation:
Given the context of the self-learning nature and the need for real-time adaptability, option A is least likely to describe the fall in performance because it deals with acceptance criteria rather than real-time performance issues.

NEW QUESTION # 63
A tourist calls an airline to book a ticket and is connected with an automated system which is able to recognize speech, understand requests related to purchasing a ticket, and provide relevant travel options.
When the tourist asks about the expected weather at the destination or potential impacts on operations because of the tight labor market the only response from the automated system is: "Idon't understand your question." This AI system should be categorized as?

A. Narrow AI
B. Super AI
C. General AI
D. Conventional AI

Answer: A

Explanation:
Narrow AI (also known as Weak AI) is designed to perform specific tasks without possessing general intelligence or consciousness. The AI system in the question is capable of recognizing speech and responding to specific booking-related requests but fails when asked about unrelated topics (such as weather or labor markets).
* Option A:"General AI"
* Incorrect. General AI (AGI) refers to an AI system that can perform any intellectual task a human can. The described system is task-specific and does not exhibit general intelligence.
* Option B:"Narrow AI"
* Correct. The AI system is limited to a predefined domain (ticket booking) and cannot process unrelated questions. This is characteristic of Narrow AI, which excels at specific tasks but lacks broader cognitive abilities.
* Option C:"Super AI"
* Incorrect. Super AI surpasses human intelligence, exhibiting advanced reasoning and creativity.
The AI in the scenario is far from this level.
* Option D:"Conventional AI"
* Incorrect. Conventional AI is a broader term that may include rule-based systems. The described system relies on machine learning and natural language processing, making it more aligned with Narrow AI.
* Definition of Narrow AI:"Narrow AI refers to AI systems that are designed to perform a single task or a limited set of tasks, without general intelligence".
* General vs. Narrow AI:"General AI remains an area of research, while most current AI applications fall into the category of Narrow AI".
Analysis of the Answer Options:ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus References:Thus,option B is the correct categorization for the AI-based ticket booking system.

NEW QUESTION # 64
Consider a machine learning model where the model is attempting to predict if a patient is at risk for stroke.
The model collects information on each patient regarding their blood pressure, red blood cell count, smoking, status, history of heart disease, cholesterol level, and demographics. Then, using a decision tree the model predicts whether or not the associated patient is likely to have a stroke in the near future. One the model is created using a training data set, it is used to predict a stroke in 80 additional patients. The table below shows a confusion matrix on whether or not the model mode a correct or incorrect prediction.
The testers have calculated what they believe to be an appropriate functional performance metric for the model. They calculated a value of 2/3 or 0.6667.

A. Recall
B. F1 -source
C. Accuracy
D. Precision

Answer: C

Explanation:
The problem describes aclassification modelthat predicts whether a patient is at risk for a stroke. The confusion matrix is provided, and the testers have calculated a performance metric as2/3 or 0.6667.
From theISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing (CT-AI) Syllabus, the definitions of functional performance metrics from a confusion matrix include:
* Accuracy:
Accuracy=TP+TNTP+TN+FP+FNAccuracy = rac{TP + TN}{TP + TN + FP + FN}
Accuracy=TP+TN+FP+FNTP+TN
* Measures the proportion of correctly classified instances(both true positives and true negatives) over the total dataset.
* If the value is0.6667, it suggests that the metric includesboth correct positive and negative classifications, aligning with accuracy.
* Precision:
Precision=TPTP+FPPrecision = rac{TP}{TP + FP}Precision=TP+FPTP
* Measures how manypredicted positive caseswere actually positive.
* Doesnotmatch the given calculation.
* Recall (Sensitivity):
Recall=TPTP+FNRecall = rac{TP}{TP + FN}Recall=TP+FNTP
* Measures how manyactual positiveswere correctly identified.
* Doesnotmatch the 0.6667 value.
* F1-Score:
F1=2×Precision×RecallPrecision+RecallF1 = 2 imes rac{Precision imes Recall}{Precision + Recall} F1=2×Precision+RecallPrecision×Recall
* A balance between precision and recall.
* The formula isdifferent from the provided calculation.
Since the formula foraccuracymatches the calculated value of0.6667, the best answer isD. Accuracy.
Certified Tester AI Testing Study Guide References:
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus v1.0, Section 5.1 (Confusion Matrix and Functional Performance Metrics)
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus v1.0, Section 5.4 (Selecting ML Functional Performance Metrics)

NEW QUESTION # 65
Which of the following is correct regarding the layers of a deep neural network?

A. There is only an input and output layer
B. There is at least one internal hidden layer
C. There must be a minimum of five total layers to be considered deep
D. The output layer is not connected with the other layers to maintain integrity

Answer: B

Explanation:
Adeep neural network (DNN)is a type of artificial neural network that consists of multiple layers between the input and output layers. TheISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing (CT-AI) Syllabusoutlines the following characteristics of a DNN:
* Structure of a Deep Neural Network:
* ADNN comprises at least three types of layers:
* Input layer: Receives the input data.
* Hidden layers: Perform complex feature extraction and transformations.
* Output layer: Produces the final prediction or classification.
* Analysis of Answer Choices:
* A (Only input and output layers)# Incorrect, as a DNN must haveat least one hidden layer.
* B (At least one internal hidden layer)# Correct, as a neural network must havehidden layersto be considered deep.
* C (Minimum of five layers required)# Incorrect, asthere is no strict definitionthat requires at least five layers.
* D (Output layer is not connected to other layers)# Incorrect, asthe output layer must be connectedto the hidden layers.
Thus,Option B is the correct answer, asa deep neural network must have at least one hidden layer.
Certified Tester AI Testing Study Guide References:
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus v1.0, Section 6.1 (Neural Networks and Deep Neural Networks)
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus v1.0, Section 6.2 (Structure of Deep Neural Networks).

NEW QUESTION # 66
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